Epilepsy and seizures in dogs
Epilepsy means repeated seizures. In many dogs between about 1 and 5 years old, no cause is found (idiopathic epilepsy); other seizures come from toxins, liver disease or brain problems.
Last updated: October 2026 · 2 sources · see sources
Signs to watch for
- Collapse with paddling legs
- Jaw chomping
- Drooling
- Loss of bladder control
- Confusion afterward
- Focal twitching
Trouble breathing, collapse, repeated vomiting, not peeing, or a seizure that lasts more than a few minutes needs a vet right away. See when to see a vet.
How vets diagnose it
Your vet does an exam and bloodwork to look for causes. An MRI and spinal tap may be advised, especially for dogs under 6 months or older than about 6 years at their first seizure. [2]
How it's treated
Daily anti-seizure medicine such as phenobarbital, levetiracetam or potassium bromide is started when seizures are frequent or severe. Rescue medicine may be given for clusters. [2]
Medicines your vet may mention: Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam (Keppra), Potassium bromide, Zonisamide. We don't list doses; your vet will decide what fits your pet.
What it costs to diagnose and manage
| Item | Typical US price | Src |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis (exam and tests) | $1,500–$3,500 | [1] |
| Ongoing treatment, per month | $30–$200 | [1] |
| First-year total | $2,000–$5,000 | [1] |
| Each year after that | $500–$3,000 | [1] |
These are typical US ranges from the sources listed. Your pet's costs depend on how severe things are, the tests your vet recommends, your pet's size and where you live. Ask your vet for a written estimate.
Outlook
Many dogs have good seizure control. A seizure diary helps your vet fine-tune treatment. [2]
Common questions
What is epilepsy and seizures in dogs?
Epilepsy means repeated seizures. In many dogs between about 1 and 5 years old, no cause is found (idiopathic epilepsy); other seizures come from toxins, liver disease or brain problems.
What are the signs of epilepsy and seizures?
Common signs include: collapse with paddling legs, jaw chomping, drooling, loss of bladder control, confusion afterward, focal twitching.
How do vets diagnose epilepsy and seizures?
Your vet does an exam and bloodwork to look for causes. An MRI and spinal tap may be advised, especially for dogs under 6 months or older than about 6 years at their first seizure.
How is epilepsy and seizures treated?
Daily anti-seizure medicine such as phenobarbital, levetiracetam or potassium bromide is started when seizures are frequent or severe. Rescue medicine may be given for clusters.
How much does epilepsy and seizures cost to treat?
Diagnosis (exam and tests): $1,500–$3,500; Ongoing treatment, per month: $30–$200; First-year total: $2,000–$5,000; Each year after that: $500–$3,000. Costs vary with severity, tests, your pet's size and where you live.
Related
This page is general information for pet owners, not veterinary advice. Talk to your vet about your own pet.